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Original Investigation
September 12, 2024
Najm S.Khan,MBS1; MeherGajula,MS2; LexiGoehring,BS3; et al MasayoshiTakashima,MD1; AatinDhanda,MD1; Tariq A.Syed,MS1; Edward D.McCoul,MD, MPH4,5,6; Jeffrey T.Vrabec,MD1; MurugappanRamanathanJr,MD7; RenjieHu,PhD2; Omar G.Ahmed,MD1
Author Affiliations Article Information
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1Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
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2Department of Information Science Technology, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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3Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan
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4Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana
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5Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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6Associate Editor, JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
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7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2024;150(11):943-951. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2024.2705
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Question What is the association between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and common psychiatric disorders like anxiety and depression?
Findings In this 11-year, population-based cohort study of 33 732 propensity score-matched patients in the All of Us research program, the hazard ratio of developing anxiety and depression was higher for patients with CRS compared with controls. Additionally, the hazard ratio for developing CRS was higher in patients with anxiety and depression compared with controls.
Meaning The study results suggest that there is a bidirectional association between CRS and common psychiatric conditions.
Abstract
Importance Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been associated with anxiety and depression, but the association of socioeconomic factors and temporality has yet to be fully explored.
Objective To determine the bidirectional risk of anxiety and depression for patients with CRS.
Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study of the National Institutes of Health All of Us database from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018, included 2 cohorts of adult patients with and without CRS. The data were analyzed from July 1, 2023, through April 1, 2024. Patients were classified as having CRS if they had at least 2 diagnoses during the study period. Those with a diagnosis of CRS before the study period were excluded. Patients were propensity score matched (1:5) with patients without CRS for age, sex, race, and annual household income.
Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the development of anxiety and depression. Patients with CRS were counted as having the primary outcome if it occurred after the criteria for CRS diagnosis were fulfilled. Multivariate logistic regression and survival analysis were performed to determine the odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) of anxiety and depression. A secondary survival analysis determined the risk of developing CRS between patients with anxiety and depression and controls.
Results Among 33 732 patients (23 382 [69.3%] female individuals; 510 [1.5%] Asian, 6002 [17.9%] Black or African American, 576 [1.7%] multiracial, and 26 036 [77.2%] White individuals), there were 28 110 controls and 5622 patients with CRS. Along with higher odds of having anxiety (OR, 4.39; 95% CI, 3.95-4.87) and depression (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.86-2.24), patients with CRS were at an increased risk of developing anxiety (HR, 2.79; 95% CI, 2.47-3.15) and depression (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.27-1.55) compared with controls. Additionally, patients with anxiety (HR, 2.37; 95% CI, 2.18-2.57) and depression (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.46-1.72) were at an increased risk of developing chronic rhinosinusitis compared with controls.
Conclusions and Relevance In this population-based cohort study of adults with and without CRS, a bidirectional association between common psychiatric disorders and CRS was observed. Physicians and health care clinicians who treat patients with anxiety, depression, and CRS should be vigilant regarding these risks and screen patients appropriately.
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Otolaryngology Rhinology and Sinus Disease Depressive Disorders Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Anxiety Disorders
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Citation
Khan NS, Gajula M, Goehring L, et al. Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Mental Health. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2024;150(11):943–951. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2024.2705
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